The title "AMAZON FISH database" is a working title for the Amazonian Freshwater Fish Biodiversity database that was constructed in the framework of the AMAZON FISH (ERANetLAC/DCC-0210) project.
In order to construct the AMAZON FISH database, which aims to become a high quality freshwater fish biodiversity database covering the entire Amazon drainage basin, data from a wide range of sources were compiled in a central database. The content of this database can be considered as a collection of curated datasets or dataset exports (as the database only covers the Amazon basin, while source datasets may cover larger areas).
These datasets are of different nature and include:
A. Information extracted from the literature (published articles, books, gray literature).
B. Data available from museums/collections and universities.
C. Data held or compiled by project partners (e.g. at country level). Some of these have previously been published through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) network, while others will be released in the framework of AMAZON FISH.
D. Data extracted from online databases such as GBIF, FishNet, SpeciesLink and IABIN.
E. New data obtained during (a) sampling campaign(s) in the framework of the project.
At this stage (December 2018), the database already provides a comprehensive overview of the fish diversity and distribution in the Amazon basin, with over 305.000 occurrence records from 123 sources (mostly covering B, C & D). After the project formally ends, it will still be updated by including new data from the project partners (C), from literature references (A) and potentially by including data from new sampling campaigns (E) to areas for which we identified a gap in the available data.
Through the integration of these different data sources, the AMAZON FISH database constitutes a unique resource on the Amazon basin, which concentrates the highest freshwater biodiversity on earth. By compiling the knowledge on the spatial distribution of freshwater fishes and addressing the taxonomic and sampling gaps, this database should enable comprehensive analysis and modeling. As such it will answer the essential need for understanding this unique ecosystem that has produced such high freshwater fish diversity.
Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR EDB 5174
data contributors to/owners of this dataset:
multiple
number:
20
data contributor/owner 1
contact name:
contact orcid:
contact position:
contact email:
thierry.oberdorff@ird.fr
contact institute:
Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR
contact country:
criteria for using this part of the dataset:
The dataset needs to be requested from dataset creator with specific conditions of use.
data contributor/owner 2
contact name:
contact orcid:
contact position:
contact email:
maldonadoj@javeriana.edu.co
contact institute:
Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Unidad de Ecología y Sistemática (UNESIS)
contact country:
criteria for using this part of the dataset:
The dataset needs to be requested from dataset creator with specific conditions of use.
data contributor/owner 3
contact name:
contact orcid:
contact position:
contact email:
hortega@gmail.com
contact institute:
Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos
contact country:
criteria for using this part of the dataset:
The dataset needs to be requested from dataset creator with specific conditions of use.
data contributor/owner 4
contact name:
contact orcid:
contact position:
contact email:
aaike.dewever@naturalsciences.be
contact institute:
Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS)
contact country:
criteria for using this part of the dataset:
The dataset needs to be requested from dataset creator with specific conditions of use.
comments:
No direct data contributions included. Contribution mainly consisted of technical advise during database construction.
data contributor/owner 5
contact name:
contact orcid:
contact position:
contact email:
jzuanon3@gmail.com
contact institute:
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)
contact country:
criteria for using this part of the dataset:
The dataset needs to be requested from dataset creator with specific conditions of use.
data contributor/owner 6
contact name:
contact orcid:
contact position:
contact email:
gtvilara@gmail.com
contact institute:
Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
contact country:
criteria for using this part of the dataset:
The dataset needs to be requested from dataset creator with specific conditions of use.
data contributor/owner 7
contact name:
contact orcid:
contact position:
contact email:
m.sousa@gmail.com
contact institute:
Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA)
contact country:
criteria for using this part of the dataset:
The dataset needs to be requested from dataset creator with specific conditions of use.
data contributor/owner 8
contact name:
contact orcid:
contact position:
contact email:
jonathan.valdiviezo@biodiversidad.gob.ec
contact institute:
Instituto Nacional De Biodiversidad (INABIO) - Ecuador
contact country:
criteria for using this part of the dataset:
The dataset needs to be requested from dataset creator with specific conditions of use.
data contributor/owner 9
contact name:
contact orcid:
contact position:
contact email:
jsarmientotavel@gmail.com
contact institute:
Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Instituto de Ecología
contact country:
criteria for using this part of the dataset:
The dataset needs to be requested from dataset creator with specific conditions of use.
data contributor/owner 10
contact name:
contact orcid:
contact position:
contact email:
mabelmaldonado.m@fcyt.umss.edu.bo
contact institute:
Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Unidad de Limnología y Recursos Acuáticos (ULRA)
contact country:
criteria for using this part of the dataset:
The dataset needs to be requested from dataset creator with specific conditions of use.
data contributor/owner 11
contact name:
contact orcid:
contact position:
contact email:
takayukiyunoki@yahoo.com
contact institute:
Universidad Autónoma del Beni, Centro de Investigación de Recursos Acuáticos
contact country:
criteria for using this part of the dataset:
The dataset needs to be requested from dataset creator with specific conditions of use.
data contributor/owner 12
contact name:
contact orcid:
contact position:
contact email:
cdonascimiento@humboldt.org.co
contact institute:
Instituto Alexander von Humboldt (IAvHP)
contact country:
criteria for using this part of the dataset:
The dataset needs to be requested from dataset creator with specific conditions of use.
data contributor/owner 13
contact name:
contact orcid:
contact position:
contact email:
eagudelo@sinchi.org.co
contact institute:
Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas SINCHI (CIACOL)
contact country:
criteria for using this part of the dataset:
The dataset needs to be requested from dataset creator with specific conditions of use.
data contributor/owner 14
contact name:
contact orcid:
contact position:
contact email:
jimojicac@unal.edu.co
contact institute:
Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia (ICNMHN)
contact country:
criteria for using this part of the dataset:
The dataset needs to be requested from dataset creator with specific conditions of use.
data contributor/owner 15
contact name:
contact orcid:
contact position:
contact email:
raulriosh@gmail.com
contact institute:
Instituto para la Investigación y la Preservación del Patrimonio Cultural y Natu
contact country:
criteria for using this part of the dataset:
The dataset needs to be requested from dataset creator with specific conditions of use.
data contributor/owner 16
contact name:
contact orcid:
contact position:
contact email:
favilla@ut.edu.co
contact institute:
Universidad del Tolima (CZUT-IC)
contact country:
criteria for using this part of the dataset:
The dataset needs to be requested from dataset creator with specific conditions of use.
data contributor/owner 17
contact name:
contact orcid:
contact position:
contact email:
mhidalgod@unmsm.edu.pe
contact institute:
UNMSM, Peru
contact country:
criteria for using this part of the dataset:
The dataset needs to be requested from dataset creator with specific conditions of use.
data contributor/owner 18
contact name:
contact orcid:
contact position:
contact email:
fernando.carvajal@faunagua.org
contact institute:
FAUNAGUA
contact country:
criteria for using this part of the dataset:
The dataset needs to be requested from dataset creator with specific conditions of use.
data contributor/owner 19
contact name:
contact orcid:
contact position:
contact email:
celine.jezequel@ird.fr
contact institute:
IRD
contact country:
criteria for using this part of the dataset:
The dataset needs to be requested from dataset creator with specific conditions of use.
data contributor/owner 20
contact name:
contact orcid:
contact position:
contact email:
pablo.tedesco@ird.fr
contact institute:
IRD
contact country:
criteria for using this part of the dataset:
The dataset needs to be requested from dataset creator with specific conditions of use.
citation of this dataset:
author(s):
Jézéquel, C., Tedesco, P. A., Maldonado-Ocampo, J. A., Prada-Pedreros, S., Ortega, H., Hildalgo, M., Martens, K., De Wever, A., Zuanon, J., Torrente-Vilara, G., Sousa, L. M., Guiarrizzo, T., Valdiviezo, J., Sarmiento, J., Maldonado, M., Carvajal-Vallejos, F. M., Yunoki, T., Donascimiento, C., Agudelo, E., Mojica, J. I., Herrera, R. R., Villa, F. & Oberdorff, T.
title and journal (name, number, pages):
The Amazon Fish database: freshwater fish distribution for the entire Amazon drainage
year:
2019
citation of the metadata:
author(s):
Jézéquel C., Tedesco P. A., Maldonado-Ocampo J. A., Prada-Pedreros S., Ortega H., Hildalgo M., Martens K., De Wever A., Zuanon J., Torrente-Vilara G., Sousa L. M., Guiarrizzo T., Valdiviezo J., Sarmiento J., Maldonado M., Carvajal-Vallejos F. M., Yunoki T., Donascimiento C., Agudelo E., Mojica J. I., Herrera R. R., Villa F. & Oberdorff T.
title and journal (name, number, pages):
Metadata description of the AMAZON FISH database. Freshwater Metadata Journal 43: 1-9
year:
2019
doi (if applicable):
https://doi.org/10.15504/fmj.2019.43
comments:
The AMAZON FISH database integrates a wide range of datasets from different public and project partners sources, and results from a three years international team effort.
The entire, curated database at the sub-basins scale (modified HydroBASINS dataset) will be documented and released in a data paper that should be submitted during the year 2019. All occurrence records (point scale data) for which we obtained permission for public release will be made available through the AMAZON FISH data online repository or through the Freshwater Biodiversity Portal (http://data.freshwaterbiodiversity.eu/; which is a member of the Freshwater Information Platform). The release of the occurrence records will be effective three years after the official publication of the data paper, a timeframe considered sufficient to publish the analyses suggested in the initial AMAZON FISH projet. During this embargo period, site scale data may be available on request pending agreement of all partners and with authorship negotiation possible.
The sub-basins scale data paper will include an extensive database description along with a discussion on the database content, gap analysis and database statistics, in parallel with the on-line release of the database at the sub-basins scale.
In addition to the publication of the datasets and database itself, key maps produced during the AMAZON FISH project will be disseminated through the Global Freshwater Biodiversity Atlas (http://atlas.freshwaterbiodiversity.eu/) following the publication of scientific paper(s) describing those results.
Africa, North America, South America, Asia, Europe, Oceania
countries:
Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Rwanda, Saint Helena, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Western Sahara, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Somaliland
North America: Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Canada, Cayman Islands, Clipperton Island, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Greenland, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Navassa Island, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Barthélemy, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Martin, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, United States, United States Virgin Islands
South America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Falkland Islands, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela
Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, British Indian Ocean Territory, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Cyprus, Georgia, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Republic of Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Macau, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar (Burma), Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Palestinian territories, Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste (East Timor), Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen, Abkhazia, Taiwan, Nagorno-Karabakh, Northern Cyprus, South Ossetia
Europe: Åland Islands, Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Guernsey, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy, Jersey, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Svalbard, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Vatican City, Kosovo, Pridnestrovie (Transnistria)
Oceania: Australia, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, New Zealand, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu
freshwater ecoregions of the world (FEOW) according to WWF:
Africa:
Albertine Highlands, Amatolo - Winterberg Highlands, Ashanti, Bangweulu - Mweru, Bight Drainages, Cape Fold, Coastal East Africa, Comoros - Mayotte, Cuanza, Cuvette Centrale, Drakensberg - Maloti Highlands, Dry Sahel, Eastern Zimbabwe Highlands, Eburneo, Ethiopian Highlands, Etosha, Fouta - Djalon, Horn of Africa, Inner Niger Delta, Kafue, Kalahari, Karoo, Karstveld Sink Holes, Kasai, Lake Chad, Lake Malawi, Lake Rukwa, Lake Tana, Lake Tanganyika, Lake Turkana, Lake Victoria Basin, Lower Congo, Lower Congo Rapids, Lower Niger - Benue, Lower Nile, Lower Zambezi, Madagascar Eastern Highlands, Madagascar Eastern Lowlands, Mai Ndombe, Malagarasi - Moyowosi, Malebo Pool, Mascarenes, Mediterranean Northwest Africa, Middle Zambezi - Luangwa, Mount Nimba, Mulanje, Namib, Niger Delta, Nile Delta, Northern Eastern Rift, Northern Gulf of Guinea Drainages, Northern Upper Guinea, Northwestern Madagascar, Ogooue - Nyanga - Kouilou - Niari, Okavango, Pangani, S. Tome & Principe - Annobon, Sahara, Sangha, Senegal - Gambia, Seychelles, Shebelle - Juba, Southern Eastern Rift, Southern Gulf of Guinea Drainages - Bioko, Southern Kalahari, Southern Madagascar, Southern Temperate Highveld, Southern Upper Guinea, Sudanic Congo - Oubangi, Tana, Athi & Coastal Drainages, Tumba, Uele, Upper Congo, Upper Congo Rapids, Upper Lualaba, Upper Niger, Upper Nile, Upper Zambezi Floodplains, Volta, Western Equatorial Crater Lakes, Western Madagascar, Western Orange, Western Red Sea Drainages, Zambezian Headwaters, Zambezian Highveld, Zambezian Lowveld
North America:
Alaska & Canada Pacific Coastal, Alaskan Coastal, Ameca - Manantlan, Apalachicola, Appalachian Piedmont, Bahama Archipelago, Bermuda, Bonneville, Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Canadian Atlantic Islands, Central Arctic Coastal, Central Prairie, Chagres, Chesapeake Bay, Chiapas - Fonseca, Chiriqui, Coatzacoalcos, Cocos Island (Costa Rica), Colorado, Columbia Glaciated, Columbia Unglaciated, Cuatro Cienegas, Cuba - Cayman Islands, Cumberland, Death Valley, East Texas Gulf, Eastern Hudson Bay - Ungava, English - Winnipeg Lakes, Estero Real - Tempisque, Florida Peninsula, Gila, Grijalva - Usumacinta, Gulf of St.Lawrence Coastal Drainages, Guzman - Samalayuca, Hispaniola, Isthmus Caribbean, Jamaica, Lahontan, Laurentian Great Lakes, Lerma - Chapala, Llanos El Salado, Lower Mackenzie, Lower Mississippi, Lower Rio Grande - Bravo, Mayran - Viesca, Middle Missouri, Middle Saskatchewan, Mobile Bay, Mosquitia, Northeast US & Southeast Canada Atlantic Drainages, Oregon & Northern California Coastal, Oregon Lakes, Ouachita Highlands, Ozark Highlands, Panuco, Papaloapan, Pecos, Puerto Rico - Virgin Islands, Quintana Roo - Motagua, Rio Balsas, Rio Conchos, Rio Salado, Rio San Juan (Mexico), Rio Santiago, Rio Tuira, Sabine - Galveston, Sacramento - San Joaquin, San Juan (Nicaragua/Costa Rica), Santa Maria, Scotia - Fundy, Sierra Madre del Sur, Sinaloa, Sonora, Southern California Coastal - Baja California, Southern Hudson Bay, St.Lawrence, Teays - Old Ohio, Tennessee, Upper Mackenzie, Upper Mississippi, Upper Missouri, Upper Rio Grande - Bravo, Upper Saskatchewan, Upper Snake, Upper Usumacinta, Upper Yukon, US Southern Plains, Vegas - Virgin, West Florida Gulf, West Texas Gulf, Western Hudson Bay, Windward & Leeward Islands, Yucatan
South America:
Amazonas Estuary & Coastal Drainages, Amazonas Guiana Shield, Amazonas High Andes, Amazonas Lowlands, Atacama, Bonaerensean Drainages, Central Andean Pacific Slopes, Chaco, Cuyan - Desaguadero, Essequibo, Fluminense, Galapagos Islands, Guapore - Itenez, Guianas, Iguassu, Juan Fernandez Island, Laguna dos Patos, Lower Parana, Lower Uruguay, Madeira Brazilian Shield, Magdalena - Sinu, Mamore - Madre de Dios Piedmont, Mar Chiquita - Salinas Grandes, Maracaibo, North Andean Pacific Slopes - Rio Atrato, Northeastern Caatinga & Coastal Drainages, Northeastern Mata Atlantica, Orinoco Delta & Coastal Drainages, Orinoco Guiana Shield, Orinoco High Andes, Orinoco Llanos, Orinoco Piedmont, Paraguay, Paraiba do Sul, Parnaiba, Patagonia, Ribeira de Iguape, Rio Negro, S. Francisco, South America Caribbean Drainages - Trinidad, South Andean Pacific Slopes, Southeastern Mata Atlantica, Tapajos - Juruena, Titicaca, Tocantins - Araguaia, Tramandai - Mampituba, Ucayali - Urubamba Piedmont, Upper Parana, Upper Uruguay, Valdivian Lakes, Western Amazon Piedmont, Xingu
Asia:
Aceh, Anadyr, Andaman Islands, Aral Sea Drainages, Argun, Balkash - Alakul, Baluchistan, Biwa Ko, Borneo Highlands, Central & Eastern Java, Chao Phraya, Chin Hills - Arakan Coast, Chuya, Coastal Amur, Coastal Fujian - Zeijang, Dzungaria, East Chukotka, Eastern Borneo, Eastern Gulf of Thailand Drainages, Eastern Taiwan, Eastern Yellow Sea Drainages, Er Hai, Ganges Delta & Plain, Ganges Himalayan Foothills, Hainan, Hamgyong - Sanmaek, Helmand - Sistan, Honshu - Shikoku - Kyushu, Huang He Great Bend, Indian Ocean Slope of Sumatra & Java, Indus Himalayan Foothills, Inle Lake, Inner Mongolia Endorheic Basins, Irgyz -Turgai, Kamchatka & Northern Kurils, Kapuas, Khorat Plateau (Mekong), Kolyma, Koryakia, Kratie - Stung Treng (Mekong), Lake Baikal, Lake Issyk Kul - Upper Chu, Lake Lanao, Lake Poso, Lena, Lesser Sunda Islands, Liao He, Lower & Middle Indus, Lower & Middle Salween, Lower & Middle Syr Darya, Lower Amur, Lower Huang He, Lower Lancang (Mekong), Lower Yangtze, Mae Khlong, Malay Peninsula Eastern Slope, Malili Lakes, Malukku, Mekong Delta, Middle Amu Darya, Middle Amur, Middle Brahmaputra, Middle Yangtze, Mindanao, Namuda - Tapi, Nicobar Islands, Northeastern Borneo, Northern Annam, Northern Central Asian Highlands, Northern Central Sumatra - Western Malaysia, Northern Deccan Plateau, Northern Philippine Islands, Northwestern Borneo, Ob, Okhotsk Coast, Palawan - Busuanga - Mindoro, Qaidan, Sakhalin, Hokkaido, & Sikhote - Alin Coast, Shilka (Amur), Sitang - Irawaddy, Song Hong, Songhua Jiang, Southeastern Borneo, Southeastern Ghats, Southeastern Korean Peninsula, Southern Annam, Southern Central Sumatra, Southern Deccan Plateau, Southern Sumatra - Western Java, Sri Lanka Dry Zone, Sri Lanka Wet Zone, Sulawesi, Taimyr, Tarim, Tibetan Plateau Endorheic Drainages, Upper Amu Darya, Upper Brahmaputra, Upper Huang He, Upper Huang He Corridor, Upper Indus, Upper Irtysh, Upper Lancang (Mekong), Upper Salween, Upper Yangtze, Western Ghats, Western Mongolia, Western Taiwan, Xi Yiang, Yaghistan, Yenisei, Yunnan Lakes
Europe:
Aegean Drainages, Arabian Interior, Atlantic Northwest Africa, Barents Sea Drainages, Cantabric Coast - Languedoc, Caspian Highlands, Caspian Marine, Central & Western Europe, Central Anatolia, Coastal Levant, Crimea Peninsula, Dalmatia, Dnieper - South Bug, Dniester - Lower Danube, Don, Eastern Iberia, Esfahan, Gulf of Venice Drainages, Iceland - Jan Mayen, Ionian Drainages, Italian Peninsula & Islands, Jordan River, Kavir & Lut Deserts, Kuban, Kura - South Caspian Drainages, Lake Onega - Lake Ladoga, Lake Van, Lower Tigris & Euphrates, Namak, Northern Anatolia, Northern Baltic Drainages, Northern British Isles, Northern Hormuz Drainages, Norwegian Sea Drainages, Oman Mountains, Orontes, Orumiyeh, Sinai, Southeastern Adriatic Drainages, Southern Anatolia, Southern Baltic Lowlands, Southern Iberia, Southwestern Arabian Coast, Thrace, Turan Plain, Upper Danube, Upper Tigris & Euphrates, Vardar, Volga - Ural, Volga Delta - Northern Caspian Drainages, Western Anatolia, Western Caspian Drainages, Western Iberia, Western Transcaucasia
Iberic-Macaronesian Region (ER1), Pyrenees (ER2), Italy, Corsica and Malta (ER3), Alps (ER4), Dinaric Western Balkan (ER5), Hellenic Western Balkan (ER6), Eastern Balkan (ER7), Western Highlands (ER8), Central Highlands (ER9), The Carpathians (ER10), Hungarian Lowlands (ER11), Pontic Province (ER12), Western Plains (ER13), Central Plains (ER14), Baltic Province (ER15), Eastern Plains (ER16), Ireland and Northern Ireland (ER17), Great Britain (ER18), Iceland (ER19), Borealic Uplands (ER20), Tundra (ER21), Fenno-Scandian Shield (ER22), Taiga (ER23), The Caucasus (ER24), Caspic Depression (ER25), North Africa (ERX), Middle East (ERY)
ecosystem type:
rivers, lakes/ponds, wetlands, groundwater, general freshwater, coastal areas
Were any quality control procedures applied to your dataset?
yes
quality control protocols and comments:
To avoid any duplication when integrating data from different sources, all duplicates are identified and excluded during import by either verifying unique identifiers for occurrences (or fields that should constitute unique identifiers when considered together; e.g. institute + collection + collection number) or based on sampling details in combination with the geographical coordinates of the data.
Where available, details on provenance, citation, along with a modification/"last updated" timestamp (e.g. only available for GBIF and SpeciesLink) are systematically documented for the retained records.
In addition, during import, each record is systematically checked for reliability and consistency, using the FishBase Consortium database, and the California Academy of Science's Catalog of Fishes, as nomenclature authority files. During the process of building the database, a taxonomic checklist work is achieved to validate all species actually present in the Amazon drainage basin. This important work is done in collaboration with taxonomic experts covering all groups and will be made publicly available through a checklist publication.
